Structure and Principle of an Autoclave

Equipment used in industry for carrying out chemical reactions under high pressure, some of which are equipped with stirring or heat-transfer devices, is also referred to as... Autoclave The reactor lid is equipped with a pressure gauge, a rupture disc safety device, a vapor-liquid phase valve, a temperature sensor, and other components, allowing operators to monitor the reaction conditions inside the reactor at any time, adjust the proportions of the media within the reactor, and ensure safe operation. Concept: An industrial device used for carrying out chemical reactions under high pressure. Some models are equipped with stirring or heat-transfer devices. It is also referred to as a pressurized reactor. Basic Structure and Principle: 1. The reactor body and lid are both made from 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel. The reactor body is connected to the flange via threads, while the lid is a flat, solid-type cover. The two parts are securely fastened together by evenly distributed main bolts and nuts around the circumference. 2. The main sealing interface of the high-pressure reactor uses a double-seal design of type A. All other sealing points employ linear contact between arc surfaces and flat surfaces, or between arc surfaces themselves. Relying on the high precision and smoothness of the contact surfaces, these seals achieve excellent sealing performance. 3. The reactor body is externally fitted with a cylindrical silicon carbide heating element. Electric heating wires are threaded through the heating element, with their ends emerging from the lower side of the furnace shell. These ends connect to the controller via wiring studs and rubber-sheathed cables. 4. The reactor lid is equipped with a pressure gauge, a rupture disc safety device, a vapor-liquid phase valve, a temperature sensor, and other components, allowing operators to monitor the reaction conditions inside the reactor at any time, adjust the proportions of the media within the reactor, and ensure safe operation. 5. The coupling consists mainly of an inner and outer magnetic ring pair with strong magnetic force, separated by a pressure-bearing spacer. The stirrer is driven by a servo motor through the coupling. By controlling the speed of the servo motor, the stirring speed can be precisely regulated. 6. A speed-sensing coil is mounted on the upper part of the spacer. As the integrated stirrer and inner magnetic ring rotate, the speed-sensing coil generates an induced electromotive force. This EMF corresponds directly to the stirring speed and is transmitted to a tachometer, which then displays the stirring speed. 7. A cooling water jacket is installed between the magnetic coupling and the reactor lid. When operating at higher temperatures, cooling water should be circulated to prevent overheating of the magnetic materials and demagnetization. 8. The bearings used are either 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel bearings or high-strength electrographite bearings, which offer excellent wear resistance and long maintenance intervals. Controller: 1. The housing is made of a standard aluminum alloy enclosure, with the top cover designed to be pulled backward for easy maintenance and inspection. The panel is equipped with a digital temperature display, a voltmeter, a tachometer, control switches, and adjustment knobs for operator convenience. 2. Electrical Principle: All electronic components of the stirring control circuit are mounted on a single circuit board. The system employs a dual-loop control strategy, offering high speed regulation accuracy, stable rotation speed, and strong anti-interference capability. It also features comprehensive protection functions such as over-speed and over-current limitation. By adjusting the “speed regulation” knob, the DC voltage supplied to the DC motor can be changed, thereby regulating the motor’s speed and achieving precise control of the stirring rate. 3. The heating circuit uses solid-state relays (commonly known as voltage regulators) to simplify the circuitry. By simply adjusting the “voltage regulator” knob, the heating power can be precisely controlled. Additionally, the heating circuit’s control section is equipped with an intelligent digital display, enabling flexible adjustment of the heating temperature according to process requirements and ensuring extremely high temperature control accuracy (see the temperature meter’s user manual for details). 4. All external lead wires are routed from the rear panel through waterproof connectors to the wiring terminals inside the controller.